DAtum

EDA, Software and Business of technology
Greek, 'loxos: slanting. To displace or remove from its proper place
da·tums A point, line, or surface used as a reference


                        ... disruption results in new equilibria


[Personal] A Tale in the Desert

3/30/2005
I am speechless... in more ways than one.
Tunisia, land of ancient Carthage and Hannibal is an experience in itself. And so is the government, which somehow ends up with 99% of the vote. Therefore, my mouth was shut for the time I was in Tunis. I am speechless.
But, most importantly, what I learned in Tunis while working there, I could never have got by visiting or traveling in Africa.

People, especially young people, are the same everywhere. They like to drink, hook up with women and watch pirated movies. It was very much the same. The food is great there - with their couscous, lablabi and mlokhiya ( I hope I got that right). And I would be mortified if I did'nt mention harissa. Some of this stuff is unknown to the tourists who come here and stay for a few days, 'cos it is one of those "kaz" that is exclusively home-made. Oh and did I mention drink - Boukha, distilled out of figs and Sarab, distilled from dates. Yes, it is nice food-wise.

In their work, they are like Europeans, only much more rigid. I have been brought up in the Indian way of working, which is no doubt borrowed entirely from the American way. I am no stranger to arguments with my boss, late night pizza and all-nighters fighting for a deadline. Simultaneously, I have also enjoyed high pay raises and perks. Tunisian work culture is modeled after France's, with all its insistence on limited work hours, slow work and small raises. This is no small part due to the fact that the few companies to start up centres in Tunisia are French or Italian. I still remember the ritual that a person making eye-contact with you needs to come over and wish you and all the people around you. It is not what I am used to.

But they did have their quirks and idiosyncracies. Like the Arabic premium on virginity for the girl and not for the dude. And of course sentiments about the middle east run high...even in highly educated youngsters. That is somewhat scary, cos while in India and Pakistan, people in the street are only concerned about cricket and Bollywood movies, we dont hate each other. This is not true in the middle east. That is what scares me.

But what gives hope is the fact that Tunisia has one of the best education systems in the Arabic world. If the example of India is anything to go by, one can see wonders that a cheap and highly skilled workforce can do for the economy. But while cheap is very possible in Asia, it is very hard in Tunisia, where the people are paid according to Asian standards but pay for "kaz" (stuff!!) by European standards. Not to mention, the huge number of expatriate Tunisians working in highly skilled jobs in France.

To all my colleagues in Tunis- tisbaH 'ala kher
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[Business] Long-Tail Software - the power of components

3/21/2005
Joe Kraus in his blog writes about business opportunities in the long-tail - the rarefied region of users who individually represent a small target, for a particular customisation of business process, but who collectively make up the bulk of the users.
Several companies have come up with several tools - purportedly to tailor to all these users. Joe Kraus himself plugs Jotspot. But in my opinion, the only type of companies who have actually been able to tap into this market are .. IBM, SAP, Inductis.
Oops... why is that?

In the business world, people dont look at a software - they way it looks, the way it can be customised, the way it can be changed - and then plan their requirements. It is usually..mostly, the other way around. We have learned this, the hard way.
However, it is possible to attain near 100 % customisability, with tools written in a way that allows them near independence.
For example, look at IBM. What are the tools that IBM uses for its business applications - Tomcat, Apache, php, perl. Each of this can exist individually. Each of this can be fixed individually.
What this means is a developer base, both within and outside the company that allows for almost complete compartmentalisation of performance issues, bugs, etc. Of course it is an easy argument, that components must be bound together very strongly to have predictable impact on performance, but this is very difficult to do in practice.
Look at Google for example. Its entire system is built for independent existence of different components. I do not believe that Google News is indexed in the same manner as Google search (given the Google API, why then havent we seen a better Google News by a garage hack).
When different components exist individually, can be run individually and therefore can be debugged individually, it is now the job of the sales guy to make a pitch to sell a solution, rather than a product.
Now it is much simpler - "I'll make you anything you want", rather than "You can do whatever you want with it".
I wish the best to Jotspot. Lets see if they give an API to program with.
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[Personal] I'm officially official

3/08/2005
Hotblog has categorised me along with other guys like Steve Jurvetson, Jeff Nolan, Brad Feld, Ed Sim !
I mean, come on .. I was happy when Ed Sim posted a comment!!

P.S. Off to Tunisia for business. sun, sand and couscous
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[Business] Exclusively underground

A Bathing Ape is a Japanese fashion brand that is now slowly expanding its roots out of the Orient. Driven by Nigo, the 33 year old designer behind Bape (short for Bathing Ape), it is the hottest rage in Tokyo and whats more surprising is ...it has stayed there for some time.
All this is very interesting, except for one thing - how in the name of God, did someone make a cool ape?

Its similar to the story about Bose, I wrote sometime back. Its all in the magic of marketing.
Nigo used to sell clothes out of a sack at parties. It then became an underground fad. That one line makes all the difference - "It then became an underground fad". Do we honestly believe that an ape motif touched something so primal in us humans, that it became the thing to have? Nope.
Start with a clique - a group closely connected together. It is very, very important that the clique be cool people. If you are so unlucky to have your clothes worn by nerds ( I wear that badge proudly), you're in deep shit. Typical target cliques would be underground DJ's, street racers, hot women (not joking).
Once the product is introduced into the target clique, maintain exclusivity by making your stuff available only be referral to existing customers. This preserves the illusion of the cool people (closer to the center of the clique) getting cool stuff before other people, lower down on the fashion hierarchy.
Nigo and his Bape stores, still maintain that aura of exclusivity. His stores are unmarked and he does'nt advertise. I dont believe there is even a website of Bape.
This turns several management guru's theory of business on its head (and it does the same to my degrees-of-freedom theory). A long time ago, I wrote about friction-less business, based on a story by Steve Brotman. The point being businesses succeed when they remove friction out of their systems - this includes being more easily accessible to customers.
That does'nt work for "street cred". Google itself (the original inspiration for Steve Brotman's story) seems to have realised that. Their Gmail launch was so exclusive and so underground that people were selling free email invites for 50 $ on ebay.
Sony is now taking on Apple. It is NetworkWalkman vs iPod. Will they learn from their compatriot and preserve the veneer of exclusivity?
Of course, writing good code and having impeccable quality always helps..but that's another story.
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[EDA] IBM goes statistical...Monte Carlo anyone?

3/03/2005
IBM has integrated statistical timing analyis on top of its EinsTimer static timing analysis tool. The new tool EinStat sits on top of its original tool and apparently gives a significant improvement in performance...
EinsStat analysis required about 18 seconds to optimize a test chip of about 3,000 gates, while a comparable Monte Carlo optimization took nearly 14 hours, IBM reported. Optimization of the 2.1 million-gate test ASIC took an hour and 10 minutes with EinsStat, IBM said.

Wow... that is really something. As an engineer working generally in the field of static timing analysis, I think the numbers are slightly off. Either EEDesign has a typo, or the IBM guys are reaaally bragging.
For example, consider this similar article from EEDesign: back in 2001, performance of the industry standard STA tool - PrimeTime took a couple of hours on a million gate design
n one Synopsys benchmark, a 1.3 million-gate design with 23,000 top-level coupled nets, and up to 2,500 aggressors per net, ran in five hours on a 400-MHz SparcOS5 workstation.
. Consider the slowest and most accurate of them all - SPICE. Benchmark results from a SPICE company shows benchmark results of approx 30000 gates at nearly an hour.
These benchmarks suggest that someone made a goof up somewhere. 3000 gates would not normally take 14 hours to time.

But even if it did good, thats good enough. Statistical timing analysis is seemingly hot in the world of EDA. However, its not just hot...its scalding.
Consider Monte-Carlo methods for optimisation. Monte Carlo methods model characteristics like circuit delay, capacitance and a whole load of other stuff inside simulators.
What happens is that since due to on-chip variations in fabrication, all the above parameters vary across the chip. If we want to model a chip accurately, we cannot take one value of the delay/capacitance/whatever but rather need a distribution function that tells us the probability of the delay/capacitance/whatever being a particular value at a particular co-ordinates (time, space, temperature). Then we need to evaluate this integral over 0 to n (where n may be size of chip/ time of operation/maximum operating temperature). It is in evaluating this integral that Monte Carlo methods are very helpful.
What they tell us is basically very simple: integrals are basically areas in a co-ordinate space. The integral of a particular function is the space covered under it. Now rather than evaluate the integral, we can arrive at an approximate answer using probability. Generate a sample co-ordinate and check to see if it is inside the area covered by a function.
Out of the total number of samples generated, the number of points which fall under the function will give the probability of the function.
This probability multiplied by the area of the bounded box around the entire function will approximate the area of the distribution.
Where is the trick - it is in generating a evenly spaced random sequence that will even out the points on the entire space. Such random numbers are called quasi-random numbers.
Statistical Timing Analysis (SSTA) tools ask the question differently. Instead of evaluating the probability that delay is less than a critical value in a design, they ask What is the maximum delay distribution from inputs to outputs. I do not know what is the computational order of complexity difference between the two methods, but apparently it is too good!
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